At the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, appeals for divine intervention in the form of ________ were used to determine guilt or innocence. a. the Lateran Councils b. ordeals c. presentment juries d. writs 2. In the early thirteenth century, hearsay evidence was ________ in the American colonies. a. widely permitted b. rarely permitted c. never permitted d. always permitted 3. Based upon superstition and ignorance, the three states of ________ , ________ , and ________ permitted prosecutions for witchcraft. a. Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut b. Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Virginia c. Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Virginia d. Virginia, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts 4. The agreement between King John and his barons to stop fighting resulted in a document known as the ________. a. Magna Carta b. Writ of Habeas Corpus c. Declaration of Independence d. Constitution 5. Under the agreement between King John and his barons, no one could be ________ on mere suspicion, on whim, or without substantial good cause. a. executed b. accused c. tried d. taken into custody 6. The Declaration of Independence lists more than twenty-five ________ by the "King of England." a. abuses b. threats c. commands d. writs 7. About two thirds of the abuses concerned ________. a. the English mercantile system b. the lack of trial by jury c. quartering troops in private homes d. the penal system 8. Scottish economist ________ opposed the English policy of mercantilism and became known as the father of the American economic system. a. James Stephens b. Adam Smith c. Arthur Miller d. Sir William Blackstone 9. ________ in the U.S. Constitution created an independent judiciary a. The Sixth Amendment b. The Fourth Amendment c. Article I d. Article III 10. One of the most deeply rooted traditions of modern American law is that the accused is innocent until ________. a. proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt b. proven guilty by a preponderance of the evidence c. the conclusion of the trial d. formal charges are filed by the prosecutor 11. The United States uses a(n) ________ system of justice. a. inquisitorial b. independent c. accusatorial d. freely secured 12. The right to be informed of specific charges is found in the ________. a. Fourth Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Rules of Evidence d. Sixth Amendment 13. A person charged with a crime has a right to ________. a. a speedy trial b. a perfect trial c. a private trial d. a reasonable trial 14. The Fourth Amendment requires ________ to arrest. a. a witness to the crime b. a confession c. hearsay d. probable cause 15. The Bill of Rights consists of ________ Amendments. a. 10 b. 13 c. 14 d. 20 16. Polls show that the majority of Americans want to keep the Constitution and Bill of Rights intact. True False 17. Ordeals could involve sword fights or plunging an arm into boiling water. True False 18. The Bill of Rights consists of 14 Amendments. True False 19. Probable cause is not necessary to hold a person in custody True False 20. Grand jury indictments are mentioned in the Fifth Amendment. True False