1. ________ is any statement or conduct from which guilt of the crime can be inferred. a. A confession b. A liberating statement c. An incriminating statement d. An incriminating reference 2. The requirement to prove corpus delicti originated in ________. a. England b. France c. Italy d. Europe 3. In 15th century England, confessions to crimes were often obtained by courts and law officers by ________. a. threat of deportment b. kidnapping and extortion c. bribery and torture d. torture and violence. 4. The voluntariness test used today requires that confessions and admissions by a suspect must ________. a. not be coerced b. be voluntary and freely given c. not violated the Miranda Rule d. protect First Amendment rights 5. The well known Miranda requirements were established by the U.S. Supreme Court as part of the ________ in obtaining confessions. a. procedural plans b. rules and regulations c. established policy d. procedural safeguards 6. Miranda warnings are not required if ________. a. the defendant is not a U.S. citizen b. the person is not in custody c. the person is already in custody d. the person requests a lawyer 7. The Miranda requirements must be complied with if answers to police questions are to be admitted into evidence in ________. a. criminal cases b. civil cases c. tax-evasion cases d. child-custody cases 8. The ________ allows police officers to ask questions to secure their own safety before giving a Miranda warning. a. crime fraud exception b. public safety exception c. personal safety exception d. exclusionary rule 9. If a person has a right to an attorney and is ________ the state or federal government must provide a lawyer at taxpayer's expense. a. an illegal alien b. insane c. incapacitated d. indigent 10. Law enforcement agencies, employers, and licensing agencies can obtain reports concerning ________ by stating on the request for information that answers provided would not be used as evidence in criminal prosecutions. a. written confessions b. job-related incidents c. job transfers d. military related incidents 11. The ________ states that once adversary proceedings have been commenced against an individual he has a right to legal representation when the government interrogates him. a. Miranda Rule b. Self-incrimination Clause c. Limitation of Testimony d. Massiah Limitation 12. In the ________ a defendant's confession can only be used against him and not his accomplices unless they also have the opportunity to cross-examination the source of the accusation. a. Bruton Rule b. Miranda Rule c. Exclusionary Rule d. Self-incrimination Clause 13. There is now a substantial body of federal and state case law detailing the application of the ________ as to evidence obtained from prisoners. a. Bill of Rights b. Self-incrimination Clause c. four major tests d. First Amendment 14. Persons charged or suspected of a crime cannot be ordered to take a polygraph test because such a compulsion would violate their ________ against self-incrimination. a. Fifth Amendment privilege b. First Amendment privilege c. Third Amendment guarantee d. Fourth Amendment guarantee 15. In seeking to use voiceprints as evidence, a lawyer is attempting to prove identification of a speaker ________. a. beyond a reasonable doubt b. on a videotape or DVD c. to cast doubt on another defendant d. on a tape or wiretap recording 16. A confession is not viewed as the same as a guilty plea in open court. True False 17. Miranda warnings are not required if the person is not in custody. True False 18. Miranda warnings are excused when there is the possibility of saving human life by rescuing a person whose life is in danger. True False 19. The clear rule of Massiah is, that once adversary proceedings have commenced against an individual, he no longer has a right to counsel. True False 20. The practice of using cell mate informants does not contravene the Miranda Rule. True False