1.
	
It is the ________ who determines whether the identification evidence is sufficient to carry the burden of proof beyond reasonable doubt.
	a.	eyewitnesses
	b.	jury or judge
	c.	defense attorney
	d.	arresting officer
	
2.
	
________ is required to carry the burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt to a jury or a judge when the right to a jury has been waived.
	a.	Reliable co-conspirator testimony
	b.	Eyewitness identification
	c.	Reliable identification evidence
	d.	An uncoerced confession
	
3.
	
________ is the best known type of biometrics.
	a.	Fingerprints
	b.	DNA tests
	c.	Wiretaps
	d.	Polygraph tests
	
4.
	
Criminal convictions of the wrong person have been lessened by increased ________.
	a.	recanted testimony
	b.	confessions of the real criminal
	c.	fingerprinting
	d.	DNA testing
	
5.
	
Show-ups differ from line-ups in that suspects are viewed by a witness ________.
	a.	in groups
	b.	on tape
	c.	singly
	d.	face to face
	
6.
	
Show-ups are considered ________ and should not be used by law enforcement officers unless necessary under circumstances.
	a.	inferior
	b.	suggestive
	c.	too vague
	d.	compelling
	
7.
	
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that ________.
	a.	it is the reliability of identification evidence that primarily determines its admissibility.
	b.	it is the reliability of identification testimony that primarily determines its admissibility.
	c.	it is the reliability of identification evidence that secondarily determines its admissibility.
	d.	it is the unreliability of identification evidence that disallows it completely.
	
8.
	
Identification evidence could be ________ for use as evidence in a trial if the evidence is not reliable.
	a.	used exclusively
	b.	denied admission
	c.	required
	d.	accepted regardless
	
9.
	
Line-ups not only minimize suggestiveness but also ________.
	a.	violate a defendant's rights
	b.	increase the likelihood of misidentification
	c.	increase the reliability of the identification evidence
	d.	decrease the reliability of identification evidence
	
10.
	
The National ________ provides the rules for line-up procedures.
	a.	Council of Judges
	b.	Council of Trial Lawyers
	c.	Police Association
	d.	Judicial Institute
	
11.
	
The use of photographs for identification purposes prior to an arrest is permissible provided the suspect photograph ________.
	a.	is not released to the news media
	b.	is not posted d on the internet
	c.	is grouped with at least 8 other photographs of the same general description
	d.	is grouped with at least 2 other photographs of the same general description
	
12.
	
Single photographs showings ________.
	a.	are not admissible
	b.	are unreliable
	c.	are not suggestive
	d.	are suggestive
	
13.
	
The ________ of composite sketches has sometimes been at issue.
	a.	admissibility
	b.	accuracy
	c.	reliability
	d.	constitutionality
	
14.
	
Many courts have rejected the ________ of voice spectrograph evidence.
	a.	accuracy
	b.	professional reliability
	c.	scientific reliability
	d.	scientific admissibility
	
15.
	
During ________ defendants may be required to try on such items as jackets, hats, and glasses to show whether such items fit the defendant.
	a.	preliminary hearings
	b.	criminal trials
	c.	deportation proceedings
	d.	civil trials
	
16.
	
Mistaken identity is the factor most often responsible for wrongful conviction.
True
False
	
17.
	
Show-ups are not suggestive and can be used by law enforcement officers anytime.
True
False
	
18.
	
Persons in a line-up may not be requested to speak certain words.
True
False
	
19.
	
Witness viewing photographs must do so independently, out of the immediate presence of other witnesses.
True
False
	
20.
	
Some courts permit the introduction of a composite sketch as substantive evidence of identification.
True
False